中國日報網(wǎng)2月5日電（記者 張余） 2025年2月5日，《中國日報》頭版及第2版整版刊發(fā)報道Chinese expertise helps restore damaged monument in Nepal。文章介紹了包括河北省文物與古建筑保護研究院在內(nèi)的中國古建筑修復(fù)專家在長達八年的時間內(nèi)，高質(zhì)量完成尼泊爾九層神廟修復(fù)項目，為推動文明交流互鑒及促進兩國人民相互了解作出了重要貢獻。
以下為報道全文：
Chinese expertise helps restore damaged monument in Nepal
中國專家助力尼泊爾文化遺產(chǎn)修復(fù)
Nearly 10 years after it was severely damaged in a massive earthquake, Nepal’s iconic Basantapur Tower is once again welcoming visitors from all over the world as it stands tall in all its majesty, thanks to joint efforts by Chinese and Nepalese conservationists in restoring the World Heritage Site to its former glory.
在尼泊爾大地震近十年后，經(jīng)過中尼兩國文物保護工作者的共同努力，世界遺產(chǎn)地加德滿都谷地的標志性建筑杜巴廣場九層神廟（巴桑塔布爾塔）再次巍然聳立，恢復(fù)了往日的輝煌，迎接著來自世界各地的游客。
Sun Rongfen, 56, from North China’s Hebei province, was one of the key members of the team that worked on the restoration project. Over eight years, she and her colleagues spent a lot of time in Nepal, working diligently and in close cooperation with Nepalese counterparts to complete a challenging yet meaningful task, in the process strengthening bilateral people-to-people friendship.
For Sun, former deputy head of Hebei Institute of Cultural Heritage and Ancient Architecture Preservation, which was involved in restoring the site, one incident stands out vividly in her mind.
河北省文物與古建筑保護研究院原副院長孫榮芬是九層神廟修復(fù)項目團隊的重要成員。在長達八年的時間里，她和同事們在尼泊爾堅守，不辭辛勞，與尼泊爾同行密切合作，圓滿完成了這項充滿挑戰(zhàn)、意義重大的任務(wù)。在尼工作生活期間，有一件小事在她記憶中尤其深刻。
Early one morning, a Nepalese neighbor of Sun saw her at their residential community’s yard in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. The lady walked toward her, crushed a freshly picked flower and dotted her forehead with the petal’s color, and then placed her palms together in greeting, smiling broadly.
The middle-aged Nepalese woman’s gesture touched Sun in a way no words could.
“Back then, I didn’t know the meaning of that gesture, but I could feel her kindness, so I said thank you in Nepali — the only one of the two words I learned there, the other being hello,” Sun recalled.
在加德滿都的一天清晨，孫榮芬來到項目駐地的公寓露臺上，準備開始每日的晨練。正在晨禱的一位尼泊爾鄰居看到了她，轉(zhuǎn)身走來，笑容可掬，指間輕捻著一朵新采的鮮花，用花瓣的汁液點在她的額頭上，然后雙手合十柔聲問候。
這位中年尼泊爾婦女的手勢以一種無法言說的方式觸動了孫榮芬。她回憶道：“我不知道那個手勢的意思，但我能感受到她的善意，所以我用尼泊爾語說了‘謝謝’——當時我在那里才剛學到兩個詞，另一個是‘你好’?！?/p>
Great responsibility
肩負重任
Sun was the person in charge of surveying and designing the restoration process of the nine-storied Basantapur Tower and its auxiliary buildings at the Durbar Square in Kathmandu.
“It was a great honor to participate in the restoration project, not only because it’s an important cultural heritage site, but also because me and my team members established a deep friendship with the Nepalese people,” Sun said.
孫榮芬負責加德滿都杜巴廣場九層神廟修復(fù)項目的勘測設(shè)計工作。
她說：“我很榮幸能參與這個修復(fù)項目，不僅因為它是一個重要的文化遺產(chǎn)，還因為我和我的團隊成員與尼泊爾人民建立了深厚的友誼?！?/p>
On April 25, 2015, the Basantapur Tower and its surrounding buildings — a tower at each corner of a Lohan Chowk yard at the Durbar Square — were seriously damaged by an 8.1-magnitude earthquake that devastated the Himalayan nation.
The top three layers of the tower at the southwest corner — the Basantapur Tower — and the sixth layer of the tower at the northeast corner collapsed completely. The walls of the complex buildings were left leaning in places and cracked, Sun said.
“I have been working on maintenance of ancient buildings for more than three decades. Seeing such important cultural relics with a long history being destroyed by an earthquake like that was very upsetting,” Sun said, adding that she also felt a great sense of responsibility for restoring it to its original state.
2015年4月25日，災(zāi)難降臨在這個喜馬拉雅山麓的國度，加德滿都杜巴廣場九層神廟及其附屬建筑在8.1級地震中受損嚴重。
西南角塔上部三層和東北角塔第六層完全塌毀。大部分建筑墻體發(fā)生傾斜、開裂，披檐坍塌、扭曲變形，神廟整體面目皆非。談到抵達現(xiàn)場時的第一印象，孫榮芬說：“我三十多年來都在從事古建筑的保護工作，親見歷史如此悠久、價值如此重要的文物建筑損毀，心痛不已?！彼龔娬{(diào)說，將九層神廟恢復(fù)原狀，責任重大。
The Basantapur Tower and its auxiliary buildings were designated as part of the Kathmandu Valley that was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1979.
Built between the 17th and 18th centuries, the complex consists of a four-story square courtyard called Lohan Chowk and four towers located at the four corners.
It was an important part of the Hanuman Dhoka Palace, which served as the royal palace of the Malla Dynasty (1328-1768) and the Shah Dynasty (1768-2008) in Nepal, according to Liu Zhongwei, head of the Hebei Institute of Cultural Heritage and Ancient Architecture Preservation.
Since its construction, the complex has hosted the coronation of successive kings of Nepal, as well as celebrations and religious activities.
“Combining Hindu beliefs with the essence of traditional Nepalese architecture, it embodies Nepal's historical processes and national memories, encapsulating rich cultural traditions and high artistic achievements,” Liu said.
加德滿都谷地于1979年被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄，九層神廟及其附屬建筑是其重要組成部分。該建筑群建于17世紀至18世紀，由名為羅罕庭院的四層回字形建筑和聳立四隅的塔樓組成。
據(jù)河北省文物與古建筑保護研究院院長劉忠偉介紹，這是哈努曼多卡宮的重要組成部分，哈努曼多卡宮曾是尼泊爾馬拉王朝（1328-1768）和沙阿王朝（1768-2008）的王宮。
自建成以來，該建筑群舉辦了尼泊爾歷屆國王的加冕儀式以及許多重大的慶典和宗教活動。
劉忠偉說：“它把印度教信仰與紐瓦麗式建筑融合在一起，承載著尼泊爾的歷史進程和民族記憶，積淀著豐厚的文化底蘊和高度的藝術(shù)成就?！?/p>
After the cultural heritage was destroyed, the Chinese and Nepali governments agreed to launch a restoration project of the Basantapur Tower complex.
It was the first large-scale cultural heritage aid project that the Chinese government carried out in Nepal.
Under the guidance of the National Cultural Heritage Administration of China, the Hebei Institute of Cultural Heritage and Ancient Architecture Preservation took on the mission of survey and design for the project, as well as supervision and management during the restoration, while the China Academy of Cultural Heritage undertook the actual restoration work.
In December 2016, the Hebei institute organized a special team for this project, with Sun mainly responsible for the survey and design work.
The team completed the restoration plan in April 2017, guided by other professionals. The plan was then approved by Nepal's Department of Archaeology.
“The China Academy of Cultural Heritage undoubtedly represents our national team in the field of ancient architecture restoration, showcasing the highest level, while the team from Hebei also stood out in the field,” Liu said.
在九層神廟遭受地震破壞后，中尼兩國協(xié)商決定，中國政府承擔援尼泊爾加德滿都杜巴廣場九層神廟震后修復(fù)項目。
這是中國政府在尼泊爾開展的首個大規(guī)模文物援外項目。
在國家文物局的指導(dǎo)下，河北省文物與古建筑保護研究院承擔了該項目的勘察設(shè)計，以及修復(fù)過程中的項目管理任務(wù)，中國文化遺產(chǎn)研究院承擔了項目施工任務(wù)。
2016年12月，河北省文物與古建筑保護研究院為此組成專項團隊奔赴尼泊爾，孫榮芬主要負責勘察設(shè)計工作。
2017年4月，編制完成了修復(fù)設(shè)計方案，該方案隨后獲得了尼泊爾考古局的批準。
劉忠偉說：“中國文化遺產(chǎn)研究院無疑代表了我們在古建筑修復(fù)領(lǐng)域的國家隊，展示了最高水平，而河北隊也在該領(lǐng)域脫穎而出?！?/p>
According to Liu, over the years, the Hebei institute has been involved in some major cultural heritage conservation and maintenance projects such as the restoration of the Sakya Monastery in Xizang autonomous region, and the mountain resort and surrounding temples in Chengde, Hebei.
“Our teams also participated in significant post-earthquake projects, including the ancient building conservation and maintenance in Wenchuan, Sichuan province. We have accumulated rich experience in the restoration of cultural relics and ancient buildings,” Liu said.
“For the Nepal project, our design team had to overcome various difficulties and completed the on-site survey and design proposal on schedule,” Sun said.
劉忠偉介紹，多年以來，河北省文物與古建筑保護研究院承擔了一些重大的文化遺產(chǎn)保護項目，如西藏自治區(qū)薩迦寺、河北承德的避暑山莊和周邊寺廟的保護修繕等。
劉忠偉說：“我們的團隊還承擔了多個震后項目，包括四川汶川地震后的古建筑保護維繕。通過這些項目，我們在文物古建筑修復(fù)方面積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗。”
孫榮芬說：“在尼泊爾項目中，我們的設(shè)計團隊克服了各種困難，按時完成了現(xiàn)場勘察，提交了設(shè)計方案?！?/p>
Cooperation matters
中尼合作現(xiàn)成果
A large number of carvings depicting various Hindu deities and patterns — representing the integration of royal and divine authority in Nepal at that time — were intricately carved on the doors, windows, eaves, brackets supporting the eaves and roofs of the complex, according to Ci Lixin, another deputy head of the Hebei institute who was in charge of supervising the restoration work.
“More than 10,000 pieces of these wooden components and carvings, holding high historical, artistic and religious value, and representing the extraordinary woodcarving craftsmanship of Nepal, were dislodged or damaged by the earthquake,” Ci said.
負責項目管理工作的河北省文物與古建筑保護研究院副院長次立新表示，建筑群的門窗與檐柱上、披檐和斜撐上，雕刻有大量印度教的神祇和圖案，代表了尼泊爾當時王權(quán)和神權(quán)的高度融合。
次立新說：“10000多件木構(gòu)件和木雕刻因地震被損壞或散落，這些木構(gòu)件和木雕刻具有較高歷史、藝術(shù)和宗教價值，代表了尼泊爾非凡的木雕工藝。”
This meant that the restoration work required collecting, categorizing, organizing and numbering each piece of wood that was damaged or dislodged, he said.
The idea was to use as many old components as possible, especially wooden components with carvings, by repairing and reinforcing them to maximize their utilization.
For the restoration, the Chinese management team hired local craftsmen and workers with rich experience in maintaining cultural relics.
“Local craftsmen played a significant role, especially in the protection and maintenance of wooden carvings with religious symbolism,” Ci said.
他說，這意味著修復(fù)工作需要將震后損壞和散落的每一塊木料進行收集、分類、整理和編號，根據(jù)歷史照片和資料及當?shù)氐淖诮塘曀?，讓它們恢?fù)原位。盡量使用舊構(gòu)件是本次修復(fù)的重要原則，尤其對于帶有雕刻的木構(gòu)件，通過修補加固使其得以最大限度的利用。
為了進行修復(fù)，中國管理團隊聘請了當?shù)卦谖奈锉Ｗo方面經(jīng)驗豐富的工匠。
“尤其在對具有宗教寓意的木雕刻保護維修中，當?shù)毓そ嘲l(fā)揮了很大作用?！?/p>
“There was a local woodworker named Suman Shakya, who was not only skilled in carving but also well-versed in religious culture,” Ci said, adding that the worker was able to reassemble scattered components and accurately remake damaged and missing wooden carvings, thereby ensuring the continuity of the building's religious value and achieving a perfect restoration.
He pointed out that each component was restored to its original place based on historical photos, information and local religious customs. And these tasks were carried out collaboratively by Chinese technical personnel and local craftsmen.
About 3,700 carved components had to be remade or supplemented for the project, accounting for about 15 percent of all components. “The utilization rate of old components was 85 percent, thus ensuring greater originality of the structure,” Ci said.
“有一位叫Suman Shakya的當?shù)啬竟すそ?，不但雕刻技藝精湛，而且精通宗教文化，既能將散落?gòu)件進行歸位，又能對殘損和缺失木雕刻進行較為準確的補配，使建筑的宗教價值得以延續(xù)，取得較好修復(fù)效果，”次立新說。
他指出，這些工作是由中方技術(shù)人員和當?shù)毓そ彻餐瓿傻摹?/p>
據(jù)統(tǒng)計，項目合計重做補配雕刻構(gòu)件3700余件，約占全部構(gòu)件的15%，老舊構(gòu)件利用率達85%，最大限度保護了其原有信息。
Meanwhile, to ensure the accuracy of the restoration process, the design team from Hebei referred to the restoration principles and specific practices of Chinese wooden structures.
“The Chinese team integrated Chinese cultural heritage conservation concepts with the requirements of Nepalese cultural heritage protection, respecting Nepal’s traditional architectural features and aesthetic concepts,” Ci said.
Ci added that they had upheld the conservation principles of authenticity, integrity and safety, with the aim of expressing the beauty of Nepalese traditional craftsmanship to the fullest, and restoring the profound artistry of the Basantapur Tower.
同時，為了確保修復(fù)過程的準確性，河北的設(shè)計團隊參考了中國木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑修復(fù)的原則和具體實踐。
次立新說：“在九層神廟修復(fù)過程中，中國團隊把中國文物保護理念與尼泊爾文化遺產(chǎn)保護要求相結(jié)合，尊重尼泊爾傳統(tǒng)的建筑特色和審美理念，秉持真實性、整體性和安全性的保護理念，把尼泊爾的傳統(tǒng)工藝之美淋漓盡致地表達出來，重塑九層神廟極富震撼力的藝術(shù)世界?！?/p>
The restoration for the main structure of the Basantapur Tower complex passed the mid-term acceptance organized by China’s Ministry of Commerce in 2022 and earned appreciation from Nepal’s Department of Archaeology, which praised the restoration project for preserving the authenticity and integrity of the complex.
In the following two years, the project’s other aspects, including fire protection engineering, were conducted. In mid-August 2024, the overall project was completed and handed over to Nepal.
Now, the restored complex has been welcoming an increasing number of visitors with its fresh new appearance.
2022年12月，九層神廟建筑群本體修復(fù)通過了中國商務(wù)部國際經(jīng)濟合作事務(wù)局組織的中期驗收。時任尼泊爾考古局局長高塔姆稱贊該修復(fù)項目保護了建筑群的真實性與完整性。
在接下來的兩年里，該項目的其他方面，包括消防工程，都得到了實施。2024年8月中旬，整個項目竣工并移交給尼泊爾。
現(xiàn)在，這座經(jīng)過修復(fù)的建筑群以其嶄新的面貌迎接著越來越多的游客。
Deepening friendship
友誼加深
Among the 20 experts from the Hebei institute, Ci was the one who stayed in Nepal the longest. From 2016 to 2024, he stayed in the country for a total of more than 1,000 days.
“During the COVID-19 pandemic, I stayed in Kathmandu continuously for more than 14 months, when I deeply experienced the local culture and the friendliness of the local people,” Ci said.
He lived in a rented apartment in a residential community. “At the time, the neighbors’ friendliness made me feel less lonely and homesick,” he said, adding that he often went to the terrace to play with his neighbors’ children.
“What impressed me most was that one of my neighbors often went to Guangzhou in Guangdong province for business. Once, he and his friends had a party on the rooftop, and they invited me. I gave him a bottle of Chinese wine and cigarettes that I brought from my hometown,” Ci said, adding that they were very happy because these products from China are very popular locally.
His colleague Sun Rongfen, who went to Nepal six times between 2016 and 2024 and stayed a total of over 160 days there, shared the same sentiment.
在河北省文物與古建筑保護研究院的20位專家中，次立新是在尼泊爾駐留時間最長的一位。從2016年到2024年，他累計堅守了1000多天。
“新冠疫情期間，我在加德滿都連續(xù)駐留了14個月，深刻體會了當?shù)匚幕渤浞指惺艿疆數(shù)厝嗣竦挠押?，”次立新說。
他當時住在一個租來的公寓里。
“當時，友善的鄰居們讓我不那么孤獨和想家，”他說，他經(jīng)常去露臺和鄰居的孩子們一起運動。
“給我印象最深的是，有一次，我的一個鄰居在屋頂上舉辦了聚會，他和他的朋友邀請了我。我送給他們一瓶我從家鄉(xiāng)帶來的中國白酒和香煙，”次立新說，他們非常高興，因為這些來自中國的產(chǎn)品在當?shù)睾苁軞g迎。
孫榮芬也有同樣的感受。她在2016年至2024年間也曾六次前往尼泊爾，在那里待了160多天。
“My Nepalese friend told me recently that my female neighbor’s gesture of putting a red dot on my forehead symbolized blessings and divine favor, signifying luck, good health and longevity,” Sun said.
The Nepalese friend she mentioned was a cherished one.
Sirish Bhatt was a teacher at a local university in Nepal, with a major in architecture.
“In early 2017, our design proposal was completed and needed to be reviewed by local experts. However, we couldn’t speak Nepali and were not proficient in English. Despite having translators, we still struggled with professional architectural expressions,” Sun recalled.
As one of the reviewing experts, Bhatt, who has lived and studied in China, was fluent in Chinese and English.
“She provided us with significant assistance in our communication with Nepal's Department of Archaeology and the English articulation of our proposal,” Sun said.
After that, she would meet Bhatt almost on every work trip to Nepal. “We either dined out at her invitation or I hosted her in my apartment, treating her to Chinese cuisine that I made,” Sun recalled.
孫榮芬說：“我的尼泊爾朋友告訴我，鄰居在我額頭上點紅，象征著神佑和賜福，寓意著幸運和健康長壽。”
她提到的尼泊爾朋友是一位難得的摯友——Sirish Bhatt。
Sirish Bhatt是尼泊爾當?shù)匾凰髮W的教師，主修建筑學。
孫榮芬回憶道：“2017年初，我們的設(shè)計方案已經(jīng)完成，需要經(jīng)過當?shù)貙＜业膶彶?。雖然有翻譯，但我們?nèi)匀辉趯I(yè)建筑術(shù)語方面遇到了困難。”
作為評審專家之一，Sirish Bhatt曾在中國生活和學習，精通中文和英文。
孫榮芬說：“她幫助我們與尼泊爾考古局進行溝通，并對規(guī)范設(shè)計方案中的英文表達提供了重要幫助?！?/p>
在那之后，她幾乎每次去尼泊爾出差都會和Sirish Bhatt會面?！坝袝r她請我們出去吃尼餐，有時我們請她到公寓吃我們做的中餐?！?/p>
“Through the deep cooperation between China and Nepal, the Basantapur Tower complex could be sustainably restored, revitalizing it with new energy,” said head of the Hebei institute Liu Zhongwei, adding that the exchange and mutual learning continue to deepen the friendship between the people of the two countries.
According to Liu, during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), the renowned Nepalese architect Arniko led a group of craftsmen to China, to design and oversee the construction of magnificent buildings such as the White Dagoba of Miaoying Temple in Beijing.
“Over 700 years later, ancient architecture experts from China went to Nepal and shared the conservation experience of China, further deepening ties between the two countries and peoples,” Liu said.
河北省文物與古建筑保護研究院院長劉忠偉表示：“通過中尼之間的深度合作，九層神廟建筑群得以恢復(fù)原有面貌，煥發(fā)更絢爛的光彩。”交流互鑒將繼續(xù)加深兩國人民之間的友誼。
在元代時，尼泊爾著名工藝家阿尼哥率工匠來華，主持修建了北京妙應(yīng)寺白塔等宏偉建筑。
劉忠偉說：“700多年后，中國古建筑專家前往尼泊爾，分享中國的文化遺產(chǎn)保護經(jīng)驗，進一步加深了兩國和兩國人民之間的聯(lián)系?！?/p>
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